Six Psychological Perspectives

Cognitive Perspective

School of thought that focuses on how people think – how we
take in, process, store, and retrieve information.

Emphasizes how people think about and interpret a situation

Biological Perspective

School of thought that focuses on the physical structures and substances underlying a particular behavior, thought, or emotion

Behavior is explained by brain chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.

Social-Cultural Perspective

School of thought that focuses on how thinking or behavior changes in different situations or as a result of cultural influences.

Behavioral Perspective

Focus: How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observation

Behavior is explained by previous learning

Humanistic Perspective

Focus: How healthy people strive to reach their full potential

Behavior is explained as being motivated by satisfying needs (safety, hunger, thirst, etc.), with the goal of reaching one’s full potential once basic needs are met.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Focus: How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts

Behavior is explained through unconscious motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from one’s childhood.

Modern version of psychoanalytic perspective.